Sociological And Societal Issues That Influenced The...

The dynamics of late 17th century culture contributed to sociological and societal issues that influenced the sweeping accusations of the Salem Witch Trials. The â€Å"witch hunt† frenzy began in Salem Village in early 1692 all due to two young girls influence. Three main societal issues prevalent at this time could have led to the hysteria and rapid movement of the witch hunt idea. The chaotic beginnings in leadership of the church at Salem Village, the strict Puritan lifestyle and beliefs of villagers, and the entertainment value of witchcraft culture among the youth are all factors in the Village of Salem’s fear against witchcraft. In the 1630’s a European settlement called Salem Village was established after farmers from Salem Town decided to become a separate extension of Salem Town. By the 1660’s Salem Village farmers were requesting to have their own church parish due to the distance they had to go in order to get to church in Salem Town five miles away. This request put fear in the minds of the church council at Salem Town that division would come, because a separate church set up would result in citizens having a broader ambition of autonomy and independence. Although the church feared this separation, it was the eventual outcome, and separation from Salem Town occurred. By March of 1672 the villagers had gained more independence from Salem Town and were allowed to build a meeting house as well as hire a minister for the village. They were also able to gather taxes

Essay about My Personal Artifact Pearls - 1244 Words

My Personal Artifact: Pearls Every person has on object in their life that is very precious to the, for me, it is my pearl necklace. They are small and round and a lustrous cream color with a pink sheen. They have a tiny gold clasp that holds the necklace together. My pearls tell a story than no other personal artifact can: my heritage. The pearls symbolized tradition and womanhood in my family’s life, and they were to be worn with dignity and pride. Every holiday, the girls of the family accessorized their outfits with the pearls given by our grandmother. They were something we all had in common: the thread that linked our generations together. I recall looking down at my Nana’s casket and I could almost hear her voice whispering†¦show more content†¦They are my reminder. They keep my history alive. The tradition began when my Great-grandparents came from Ireland and my Great-grandmother saved all of her money working as a seamstress to buy a smal l set of pearls for herself. She gifted them to my Nana when she was fifteen years old. My Nana always wore her pearls with pride and used them as a reminder that her life wasn’t always as good as it was. She always told us to humble ourselves and never belittle someone, especially based on what they did or did not have. My pearls are a reminder of people before me who had ambition beyond restraint, people who had to step outside of the box and go against the grain. These are my ancestors. They tell the story that brings me to where I am today. The past shows clues to the future, I believe and I hope to one day be as brave as the people before me. My cultural values are also illustrated through my necklace. I assume most values of a normative southern girl. Many people have misconceptions about what all southerners are. I enjoy drinking a glass of sweet tea and listening to country music, I am different, however. I enjoy being laid back and casual, but I do have important values. I have strong opinions about government and the way that I live my own life. The values that I believe in play a very important role in my life. These important values have been greatly influenced by my family. My values include family, education,Show MoreRelatedArcheological Investigations of the Quin Dynasty1426 Words   |  6 Pagesand the three major test pits that archaeologists have started to uncover there are over â€Å"7,000 terracotta warriors with horses and chariots, all designed to protect the First Emperor in the afterlife† (Liu, Yang). The second most common group of artifacts came from the massive amount of conscripts, estimat ed at approximately 700,000 in number, who worked for over 35 years to build the tomb. 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These personal motivations manifest a form of self-discipline (the disciplinary gaze has become an ordering principle of social life): the consumer adopts the perspective of his or her self, so it becomes natural to regard one’s body as a socially visible object

The Art Of Procrastination Essay Example For Students

The Art Of Procrastination Essay As I sit here at my computer I restlessly glance at the clock; its 12:40 AM, approximately twelve hours until this essay is due. How could I have once again gotten myself into this terrible situation? I would love to say that theres some amazing excuse for my blatant irresponsibility, that some horrible catastrophe took place inhibiting the start of this paper. Yet sadly there is none; I can present no justification of this other than my own slothfulness. And even as I type I debate over the topic. Various ideas swirl in my head like a typhoon, none of which seem very appealing. I need to write about something I know, something that is like second nature, and most importantly something that I can bullshit about for a full 2 pages. Of course, how could I be so blind! What better to write about then procrastination itself; over the years I have pretty much perfected the art of postponement. To the average person this may seem like an uncomplicated task; you may be thinking But Chad, anyone can wait till the last minute! And I grant that in that assumption you would be entirely correct; any idiot can be lazy. However the question is; can just any idiot wait until the last minute, pull an all-niter, and actually emerge victorious. Because that my friend takes finesse, and is not a feat for any mere amateur. So I encourage you to grab a cup of coffee and take a seat because for the next couple of hours I will be taking you on a crash course through The Art Of Procrastination Essay. The most important thing to consider when faced with blank paper and an equally empty cranium is the possibility of an extension of the deadline. This being the most ideal situation for the reason that it gives you all the more time to goof off; who knows maybe by midnight tomorrow youll be in a more productive mood. Convincing a professor to grant you an extension is not an easy task and may require a smidgen of deceitfulness; but seeing as how by this point youre probably pretty desperate it shouldnt present much of moral dilemma. Always remember that it is extremely important to measure up your victim and choose the most effective bait. While some professors are more cooperative and will grant you the extension with a simple excuse like My great aunt Bertha died, others can be rather a pain and may require a plea more elaborate such as The doctors say it may be a tumor and believe I only have a few months to live. If lying fails you, there are less polite methods of persuasion suc h as bribery, blackmail, or a threatening letter or two; though its not recommend considering the whole legal thing. If you dont succeed in acquiring an extension you will next want to evaluate whether or not your grade can handle the crippling blow of a zero; this is of course in the unlikely event that you dont turn the paper in. Which, unless you want to look forward to a promising career in the fast food industry, isnt the best idea. Its always better to turn in something than nothing, so if its starting to look completely hopeless sit down and pound out at least one page of complete crap; no matter how bad of a grade you get on it its always that much better than a zero. If youve made it this far and are still willing to pull some serious hours and do some real work then congratulations; youre one of the few, the proud, the determined slackers. When cursed with the hellish task of writing an entire well-thought essay at an hour when any halfway sane person is sleeping it is very important that you prepare yourself. The most important thing you can have with you in these trying times is your alertness, and no matter how awake you think you are, after about 30 minutes of writing your body is going to require some kind of refueling. Hilton Hotels Corporation Marketing Analysis Essay I recommend either having at least a 2 liter bottle of some kind of caffeinated drink .

Poverty and Gender Violence in Congo

Poverty and issues of women discrimination and violence are some of the greatest problems facing the Democratic Republic of Congo. Poverty has worsened since 1980 following the conflicts associated with the Cold War.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty and Gender Violence in Congo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The UN report indicates that half the population lives below the poverty line. The report further indicates that the country is struggling to resolve issues related to economic inequalities whereby the rich are becoming while the underprivileged are languishing in great poverty. The country has a population of over 64.8 poor individuals, who live in rural areas. Studies indicate that women are most affected because the social structure does not favor them in any way. A report released in 2006 indicated that over a third of children were suffering from malnutrition while women are subjected to inhuman conditions, such as giving birth under poor sanitation that predisposes them to diseases. In many rural areas, access to women is a problem since a UN report indicated that only 11 percent of the households could actually access clean water. In Urban areas, which are populated by the ruling class, an estimated 75 percent of households could access clean water. In the country, unemployment is ever increasing because the government does not have a clear developmental plan that would give the locals employment opportunities. An estimated 50 percent of the locals are unemployed yet they have necessary qualifications that could land them decent employment. In this regard, youths and women are affected more as compared to other categories in society (Makana, Sean, 2006). The poverty rates and gender inequalities in Congo are attributed to the country’s tumultuous history. The country came up with a transition program, which was meant to transform the economic system from a centra lized Marxist planning to a market oriented economy. This program is accused of bringing about gaps that led to economic mismanagement and military coups. The shift from Marxist economic program destabilized the lives of many people and brought about tension among various groups. In the 1990s, the country witnessed a brutal civil conflict that was attributed to struggle for power and the interest of the foreign powers. Because of civil wars, the country’s railway line was badly affected rendering a majority jobless.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the civil war displaced quite a number of the local population, women being the worst affected. During and after the 1990s civil wars, the financial crisis in the country was persistent. To the new government, it was perceived that development meant shifting from communism to capitalism, which was never the case. It was based on this idea that market oriented economy was preferred over Marxism. The ongoing conflicts have generated problems, which are interfering with the developmental goals of the country. The ruling class is now engaged in trade with the bourgeoisie from the west. Natural resources are being exported to the western countries for processing while the locals get nothing in return. The external forces are accused of fuelling conflicts because it is believed that peace and stability in the Congo region would interfere with their interests. The country is endowed with natural resources, among them Coltan, which is used in the manufacture of phones. From this analysis, world systems theory could be employed to explain the poverty in the Congo region. The theory states that development in the core (developed countries) leads to underdevelopment in the periphery (developing countries). Regarding sexual violence and discrimination against women, the country still lags behind in terms of gender equality. The society still believes that women are superior to women given the fact that they possess masculine features. In this regard, women are incorporated in the financial system as underdogs because they are misrepresented in the labor market. This has affected the development of the country because an important section of society is not involved in policy formulation. Background Congo is an expansive state found in central Africa, with an area of 2345410 square kilometers. This means that Congo is the largest country in Africa without a desert. However, the size of the country is perceived to be a curse because the government has never been able to manage it effectively. Various militia groups, who unleash terror to innocent citizens simply to control natural resources, control the country. The country has a number of resources, including Gold and Copper. Analysts observe that resources in Congo are the major source of conflicts because each group would wish to co ntrol some. Regarding the population, the country has a huge population, with unskilled and semi-skilled labor. This means that the country does not have a skilled labor force that could contribute in eradicating poverty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty and Gender Violence in Congo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The population is predominantly rural implying that the major economic activity is peasant farming. Even though farmers engage in agriculture, the government has never been able to provide adequate markets for their produce. This has worsened the economic chances of many farmers. In Congo, access to land is not a problem to the locals because there is a low population density in the rural areas. However, land has become a scarce resource in urban areas because of the influence of the ruling class. In fact, people living in towns are the poorest. Youths and women, who are the most vulnerable gro ups in society, mostly practice peasant farming. Women engage in small-scale agricultural production and processing, but their products do not have ready markets. Poverty in Congo is most severe in rural areas because people, especially women and youths, are isolated and little investment opportunities are accessible (Semazzi, Song, 2001). In Congo, the populace in rural areas is the most vulnerable because the government has never provided microfinance services. Women and youths cannot access critical financial services that would empower them economically. Since farmers employ traditional farming methods, their production is usually low. Most farmers have no access sufficient inputs such as farm seeds, fertilizers, and machinery. Moreover, the road network is another problem facing the population in Congo because roads are impassable during rainy seasons, which leads to delay in supply of farm inputs and agricultural produce. In the country, the population does not have a clear d istribution and collection organization that coordinates the buying and selling of agricultural produce. All these have worsened the economic capabilities of the population, leading to abject poverty. The form of government in Congo is also a problem as far as poverty and gender inequality is concerned. The form of government is purely presidential whereby the president is the head of state and government. The president makes policies without consulting other actors. Under such systems, the population does not have a say as far as foreign policy is concerned.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Before the 1997 civil conflict, the system of government adopted in Congo was similar to that of France. However, the election of Sassou-Nguesso brought about changes. The president suspended the constitution and adopted a form of government that would give the president more powers. The judiciary has never been given room to check the powers of the executive and the legislature. Lack of a clear system of checks and balances has been a contributed to poverty and gender inequality in Congo. This has in turn affected development because the cabinet is not subjected to public scrutiny. Discussion Poverty, gender inequality, and violence against women are not new issues in Congo. These issues have been there since the colonial era (Vlachova, Biason, 2005). Due to poor governance and external interference, these issues have continued to haunt the people of Congo. The government has come up with various strategies aiming at stamping out poverty and gender violence. In this regard, the go vernment has established poverty reduction strategies, which are believed to be effective enough to end poverty. At least five strategies exist, but this article will simply discuss the first strategy because its main aim is to end poverty and gender violence. However, a snapshot of other strategies would be highlighted. The second strategy aims at promoting microeconomic growth and stability. In this case, the government will focus on improving the oil sector, forestry, agriculture, mining, supporting the private sector, formulation of policies to boost the crafts industry, promotion of tourism, and transport. In the third strategy, the focus would be on improving access to basic social services such as primary and technical education, healthcare, sanitation, research, culture, and sports (Witte, 1992). The fourth strategy entails social protection and integration of the vulnerable groups into the main economic sector. This means that the government would strive to protect the yout hs, women, improve employment and working conditions, and protect the indigenous people. The fifth strategy is related to eradication of HIV/AIDS in the country, which has claimed the lives of the able individuals. As early noted in this article, the main problem in Congo is poverty, which is caused by poor governance. Due to this realization, the government, with the assistance of other stakeholders such as World Bank, IMF, and the concerned UN agencies, came up with strategies to address the problem. Some of the strategies have been discussed in the previous paragraph, but the main strategy was related to improving governance and consolidating peace and security. For economic development to flourish in Congo, it was agreed that peace and tranquility had to be prioritized. Through good governance, the government would facilitate capacity building in the public sector, which would enable the country to run the institutions in the most cost-effective way. The country endorsed the Par is Declaration as one way of supporting development and eradication of poverty. The endorsement showed the country’s commitment to a political will that would be synchronized, visible, comprehensive, and more efficient. Under the strategy, the first agenda would be to improve political governance whereby the political leadership would undertake important structural and administrative reforms. The political class would be expected to come up with laws aimed at improving capacity building for institutions established under the acts of parliament. Moreover, it was perceived that democracy and peace were the major pillars of any economy hence political leaders were urged to come up with laws regulating the behavior of leaders. Political power was to be sought through political parties meaning that political parties and interest groups were to be recognized as genuine actors in the development. As one way of ensuring gender representation, the political class was urged to come up with an affirmative action aiming at giving women an advantage in political affairs. The media was to be given freedom to air any views that were critical to nation building. The second agenda under the first strategy aims at promoting peace and security. Under this agenda, the role of government is to ensure that people coexist freely, irrespective of their tribal affiliations and political party affiliation. Again, the government ensures that people move from one place to the other without acquiring necessary travelling documents. It can be concluded that the aim of government is to strengthen security and prevent conflicts, which are brought about by resources. In Congo, the government burned the importation of weapons after establishing its own gun racks and munitions depots. This gave the government a chance to control the weapons held by the military and the police. Regarding gender, the government came up with a law that criminalized discriminations based on gender. Women wer e encouraged to take part in economic and political development, both in the public and private sector. In this regard, policies were drafted aiming at punishing those who unleashed terror on women. In 2008, the government adopted a policy on gender that would give women an advantage in socio-economic life (Nsokimieno, Shouyu, Zhang, 2010). Theoretical and Practical Solutions Theoretically, the ideas of Marx could be used to define and resolve poverty and gender inequality in Congo. Marx found out that capitalism was responsible for massive economic growth in most parts of Europe. Since capitalism had taken root in Europe, workers underwent some form of suffering since their services were not needed. Marx differed with Malthus on the role of capitalism as regards to population increase. Malthus had earlier noted that population increase was a result of biological pressure whereas Marx noted that surplus population was caused by capitalism. It is interesting to learn that capitalism is responsible for the increase of population. States would want its people to multiply in order to obtain a large workforce, which would push the economy forward. Marx referred to this sort of population increase as the reserve army of labor. Before Marx conducted an analysis on economics, Ricardo had suggested that any good is priced based on the cost of labor. However, Marx went against Ricardo’s postulation to suggest that a product is valued more as compared to the worker in the capitalist society. This is a shocking revelation, which might be hard to forget in Congo. The working class in Congo has been forced to live under deplorable conditions because of the greediness of the ruling class. Theoretically, the working class should rise against the ruling class and claim for its share in society. This would force the ruling class to incorporate the poor into production (Puechguirbal, 2003). Practically, the strategies discussed in the previous section should be applied t o address the problems facing the poor in Congo. In this case, democracy is the most important factor when considering the application of the strategies. Conclusion Congo is one of the countries in Africa that is endowed with natural resources. However, political instability has affected the exploration of resources to an extent that foreigners have taken over the mining process. The locals are languishing in great power while the ruling class cooperates with foreigners to exploit the poor. The only viable solution to the problems facing Congolese is related to political governance. Through political governance, the institutions of government would have the necessary power to offer opportunities to the local poor. References Makana, J., Sean, C. (2006). Impacts of Selective Logging and Agricultural Clearing on Forest Structure, Floristic Composition and Diversity, and Timber Tree Regeneration in the Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15(4): 1 375–1397 Nsokimieno, E., Shouyu, C., Zhang, Q. (2010). Sustainable Urbanization’s Challenge in Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(2), 242–254. Puechguirbal, N. (2003). Women and War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Signs. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(4), 1273-1290. Semazzi, F., Song, Y. (2001). A GCM study of climate change induced by deforestation in Africa. Climate Research, 17(2), 169–182. Vlachova, M, Biason, L. (2005). Women in an Insecure World: Violence against Women—Facts, Figures and Analysis. Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2(1), 109-119. Witte, J. (1992). Deforestation in Zaire: Logging and Landlessness. Ecologist, 22(2), 58–64. This essay on Poverty and Gender Violence in Congo was written and submitted by user Emmitt B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.