Supply chain paradigms in apparel and textile sector - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3927 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Recession was not all bad. It gave people time to think of new ways to improve efficiencies and optimise processes. Earlier there was simply no time to look into some of the processes that happened anyway! Supply Chain Management was one of those things. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Supply chain paradigms in apparel and textile sector" essay for you Create order Of course, there has always been a focus on SCM but recent time saw concentrated efforts towards innovation in this area. 2009 Economic Downturn Its Impact The year 2009 has been a year of re-awakening and the challenges faced in this year have forced fresh thinking in all segments of business, more so in the apparel and textile sectors. The fashion industry which saw unprecedented boom in this decade, also witnessed unprecedented challenges in the year 2009. Almost all brands and all retail formats were on extended sale period in the year 2009 and in the non sale period were offering aggressive promotions and discounts to prop up the consumption. This has led to 2009 becoming perhaps the year of lowest full price sales (in other words highest mark downs). This was also the year when all projections and forecasts went haywire and the hyper activities of previous years caught on, leading to huge inventories across the fashion supply chain and adversely affecting not only the r etailer/brand but also the suppliers, logistic providers, distributors, and the brand owners equally. Though the above gloomy picture was universal, there were some fashion retailers and brands (retailers and brands are taken together as most Indian retailers have their own private brands which constitute a significant chunk) who not only grew in sales but also had much higher full price sales compared to the competitors, and also had their inventories in reasonable control. An in-depth analysis of all such brands clearly attributes this to nothing else but better supply chain initiatives that these brands/retailers had undertaken even before the recession had hit. Some of these supply chain initiatives taken by retail formats/brands are being discussed here to highlight the impact of the competitive edge that a Fashion companys supply chain readiness brings in at all times, especially in times of recession. Apparels and Textiles The Extended Supply Chains View The Apparel an d Textile supply chain in India is not only unique in many aspects, but also by far one of the most complex. The diversity of Indian culture and hence, the fashion tastes and habits of the large demography of India leads to proliferation of local players in the fashion domain and fragmentation of revenues amongst players. Even today, there are very few fashion brands in this country with a turnover in excess of $50mn (INR 250 crore) a revenue sum considered to be very small in the developed world. India is a country that perhaps has the longest Fashion supply chain lead time of close to 400-600 days. The cotton plucked from the cotton plant can take upto as long as two years to reach the hands of the end consumer. While this might seem exaggerated, an in-depth analysis of overall textiles and garment value chain will make it obvious. The number of composite textile mills in India is very limited and textiles, even today is produced in discreet manufacturing processes across vario us stages of spinning, weaving, fabric processing etc., carried out in different locations by different players. This in turn means holding of inventory in each stage (before as well as after each stage- raw material as well as finished goods), and there is also work in progress inventory in each stage. Once the fabric is ready, it is stored as finished goods and sold to distributors and finally to retailers. The inventory level at the distributor and retail stage combined is often in excess of 180 days. In the case of garments, the garment manufacturing stage is an additional stage and hence an additional stage of inventory. The organised retail is acting as a major improvement in the supply chain and is helping reduce one level of inventory (at the distributors end). However, organised retail too has two levels of inventory one at the retail front and other at the retail warehouse. This in some way negates the advantage of disintermediation by retail in terms of supply chain time . Hence, it can be easily seen that while the most efficient fashion supply chains may be able to reach goods from the raw material stage to the consumer in about 250 days, the lesser efficient ones can take around 700 days. It is in this complex environment of Indian supply chain that we need to discuss new paradigms innovations, infrastructure, technology and a holistic end-to-end (raw material to consumer strategy) paradigms which will be the main differentiator between Fashion Leaders and the Fashion Laggards. In the field of apparels, a large number of case studies worldwide on fashion supply chain (like the case study of Zara, HM, Li and Fung) have been written. However, the economic downturn in 2009 has led to challenges faced by even the companies that were studied. Through a shorter lead time at higher cost, Zara was a great example of a responsive supply chain. In a recessionary environment, in a complex country like India, this approach can be challenged. India need s its own responsive Fashion Supply Chain, yet needs to do away with the higher cost manufacturing as incurred by Zara. This is where a number of retail chains and fashion brands have innovated and have been successful in India. Despite extended mark downs and seasonal sales, some fashion brands and retailers have come out winners not by chance but because of holistic supply chain redesign as well as implementation in the recent past. The fashion supply chain is not a one-dimensional supply chain,  but is quite varied and has several variations as shown in the chart below. Considering the diverse needs of the fashion sector, the three important concepts which need to be focussed on by any player are Mind to Market (MTM), Time to Market (TTM) and Cost to Market (CTM). Mind to market -  Mind to market is the time taken from the moment of design initiation to the time when the product reaches the consumer. This time in western nations used to be as high as 18 month s. However, it is the endeavour of every fashion retailer / brand to continuously strive to lower the same. Zara is a case study of the same (in best cases 21 days). In India, leading retailers such as Pantaloons have successfully reduced this dramatically over the last few years and achieved growth in both sales and margins despite having tighter control on inventories. Achievement of a lower TTM needless to say entails end-to-end collaborative approach between the buyers, merchandisers, planners, garment manufacturers, fabric providers, logistic providers and the retail stores. Time to market -  This is the lead time from the moment an order is released to the garment manufacturers to the time the product reaches the consumer. In other words, TTM = MTM design and planning time. Reduction in MTM and CTM plays a great role in reducing the uncertainties of the Fashion Supply Chain and finally results in better inventory management, lower obsolescence, lower mark downs and hence higher profits for the fashion retailer/brands. Cost to market -  The cost to market is the total supply chain cost including factory gate logistics (vendor to brand/retailer), the primary and secondary warehousing and distribution system, the replenishment system, and the secondary transportation. The reduction in cost to market can be significant for a brand/retailer. An an exercise last year, the supply chain cost for Big Bazaar Fashion was reduced by 1.5% which is more than half the total bottom line percentage for most retailers. This was achieved by redesigning the supply shain network and reducing the storage locations from 16 and consolidating them into just five big regional distribution centres with state-of-the-art infrastructure and technology applications. The Fashion Supply Chain Model Factors influencing the Indain fashion supply chain The fashion domain along with its opportunities, also posesses various challenges for the logistics industry: India is a multicultural heterogeneous country with the consumer tastes changing every few kilometers. This results in the retailers/brands offering becoming region specific,leading to multiplicity of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs). Some large retailers have more than 100,000 SKUs in fashion.  · The high real estate rentals for retail leave no scope for the retail stores to have any back-end store stocking of inventory. Hence, replenishment systems and their accuracy becomes critical.  · Lifestyle retail needs fast and quick-response supply chain deliverables, whereas, value retail requires cost-efficient supply chain.  · The logistics infrastructure of this country is in its early stages of evolution. The combination of these factors leads to a uniquely Indian consumption supply chain one that includes handling very large number of SKUs in pieces (eaches) as opposed to fewer SKUs handled in the form of pallets by most of the large retailers in the world. Hence, there is a growing need to learn the art of managing these complexities and design and execute supply chain solutions that are uniquely Indian. In addition to the above factors, there are multiple other factors that have an impact on a products supply chain and need to be carefully evaluated and factored in while designing the supply chain solution. The major amongst them being: Sourcing Supply chain requirement responsiveness v/s efficiency Supply chain design Retail market (geographic) strategy for the respective format Retail formats positioning strategy and its relation to the supply chain External factors the contemporary logistics landscape affecting supply chain in organised retail Sourcing India being a dominant global player in textiles, the sourcing for fashion is largely domestic. The manufacturing of garments is clustered around a few major centers woven garments around Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, woolens and knits in Ludhiana, knitwear and hosiery around Tirupur etc. The supply chain network design has to factor in these manufacturing bases depending upon the product mix of the brand/retailer to optimise the inbound logistics cost. A few international fashion brands also import their merchandise from the global manufacturing bases or route it from their international distribution network. Supply Chain Requirement Responsiveness v/s Efficiency Different product categories and retail formats have different requirements from their supply chains. For fashion chains like Pantaloons, Shopper Stop, and Westside, the Time to Market is the most important parameter. For hypermarkets like Big Bazaar, Spencers, and Star Bazaar. businesses that target the cost conscious, Cost to Market is also an extremely important parameter. All these factors influence the supply chain design and determine how the associated solutions will evolve to deliver the specific and exacting requirements from the supply chain. Supply Chain Design The Supply chain design revolves around a plethora of activities like designing the network and the associated decisions centralised or decentralised, based on sourcing or based on consumption or a combination thereof. The right solutions also need to be selected in the areas of Technology, Automation and Mechanical. Decision needs to be taken on whether to own or outsource be it manpower or vehicles. Syst ems and processes to be implemented need to be evaluated and implemented. It is also important to have a culture of Learning and Knowledge Management to share and train across locations. Retail Market (Geographic) Strategy The major Indian retail markets are concentrated around the urban centers, the biggest of them being Mumbai, Delhi NCR, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmadabad and Pune. The service levels to these cities are of utmost importance to any consumption supply chain. The distribution strategy is heavily influenced by the size of the product markets in these urban centers. The regional preferences have a major influence in deciding the supply chain strategy for specific products and categories. Further, in future, some more cities are likely to become important for organised retail. The supply chains will have to factor in the same. Retail Format (Positioning) Strategy The positioning of the brands and their value proposition determines the produc t mix and its pricing. This in turn influences its deliverables from the Supply Chain. Even for the same product category, the priorities change depending upon the target customer segment for the product. For example, apparels can be high fashion lifestyle or they can be targeted towards the masses with low prices. Though the product in both the cases is apparels, the delivery strategy determines what is a priority time to market or cost. External Factors Government is in the process of scraping the CST and introducing the VAT thereby opening up prospects of the retail boom. Also, the emergence of GST is projected to make positive impact. Evolution of seaways, inland river ways and railways has enabled these to be considered as viable options. Infrastructure developments in the form of Golden quadrangle and Cross corridors have improved connectivity and reduced transit time. More FDI in retail sector will increase the competition and there will be a greater focus on optimisin g the supply chain to maximise the profits. Consolidation activities like mergers and acquisitions will also have a great impact on the design of the supply chain network as the companies would try to exploit the economies of scale to their advantage.  Ãƒâ€š Sourcing Integrating The Supply Side In order to respond to market and consumers demands quickly, getting suppliers involved in the supply chain process is now becoming an important business practice often resulting in the formation of collaborative partnerships. To offer target customers new styles and fashionable merchandise in a timely manner, buyers must collaborate with suppliers in streamlining supply chain processes right from product design and development, technical specification development for packing, labeling and packaging, development of quality standards and manuals and rating systems containing parameters and checklists for meeting supply chain needs. Competitive advantage comes from not just sha ring information with suppliers, but also from HOW you share the data. Information is only important if it can be acted upon. Leading buyers are allowing vendors secure, online access to reports, raw data, forecasts, sales and inventory and even to the replenishment system in some instances, using web-based portals and dedicated servers. Supplies are managed online with suppliers adopting latest techniques such as Advance Shipment Notices for notification of inbound cartons and their contents to the buyers, thus enabling pre-allocation of merchandise for retail even before the goods have come in. Pre packs, Inner Packs with bar codes and other such improvements are being used to further reduce the TTM. The information about the contents of each carton is recorded when it is packed by the supplier and a unique identity is created to link the bar code label on the carton with the ASN. The ASN is transmitted to the retailer, usually via EDI, so the retailer knows: What is coming, ho w it will arrive and the number of cartons in the shipment. In conclusion, training and development of suppliers, building supplier matrices, and developing collaborative efforts were steps that the buyer had taken to establish a virtual vertical company. The Logistics Piece of Fashion Supply Chain Warehousing Warehousing is the most complicated and under-invested yet most critical logistics activity in the entire supply chain. The Fashion business requires the expertise in managing eaches at every level of activity from inwarding, putaway, picking, sorting, to store delivery. There is an increasing need to increase efficiencies, maximising inventory turns and services to the stores and customers. There is a growing need for Big Box warehousing solutions for fashion as the volumes and complexities go up in this fast growing market. Having bigger warehouses will facilitate economies of scale as the warehouse set-up costs and overheads are distributed over larger throughput. Consolidation of merchandise in fewer locations will also result in higher product availability for order fulfillment and store replenishment and therefore wider choice to the customers and higher sales. Further, these larger mechanised warehouses can be equipped with Mechanisation such as Racking, Shelving, wi-fi infr a, RF guns, conveyor system, automatic weigh-check with print and apply, and sorter systems like put-to-light (PTL), bomb-bay, ring sorter etc., to automate the merchandise sortation process and make it fast and accurate at the same time. Transportation For garment transportation, specially designed transportation network is required connecting all major consumption centers bringing in an innovation in the form of new system of volumetric goods transportation in double deck containerised vehicles and last mile deliveries from DC to Stores through tail lift fitted vehicles and Roll cages/Dolly /Nest able crates for consignment delivery directly on store floor. This has led to reduction in transit times hence lowering Time to market (TTM), lower in-transit inventories and also lower freight costs. Vehicle fitted with vehicle tracking system (VTS) monitored through a TMS (Transportation Management System) ensures visibility of all consignments on a real time basis ensuring reliable and timely movement of consignments at lower cost. Technology In recent years, fashion attributes have infused nearly all garment types: product life cycles are shortening and product proliferation is accelerating even in the most basic garments. These trends have created increasing demand uncertainty that has changed radically the basis of competition in the textile- apparel-retail channel. Increasing demand uncertainty has led to the advent of lean retailing. Retailers who once purchased large quantities of each item, far in advance of the selling season now avoid the risk of carrying inventory of increasingly unpredictable items by ordering smaller quantities of each product in advance and ordering, on a weekly basis, replenishment quantities of those products that have sold in the previous week. Lean retailing has driven changes in both information and product flow, resulting in the changes in manufacturing and supply chain practice; this has been facilitated greatly by the introduction and maturation of several key technologies: Wire less infrastructure and hand-held devices for product identification, used to provide real- time, accurate information about which products are selling at the pointof-sale; Electronic data interchange (EDI), used by the retailer to place quick, accurate replenishment orders; and More sophisticated, Warehouse Management System (WMS), which allows manufacturers to pick and pack small replenishment quantities based orders. Automated Replenishment System (ARS) works on actual pull based demand.  Automatic Replenishment System (ARS) ARS is a pull-based system instead of the traditional push based system and ensures generation and availability of correct assortment with correct quantity of all major fast moving items on store shelves most of the time. ARS works on actual demand considering shelf stock, base stock level and past sales trend and instead of manual order generation, ARS triggers an auto-replenishment order from nearest DC to stores. This pull-based system helps in lower obsolescence and lower markdown for the fashion retail business thereby directly impacting the bottomline and topline. The replenishment requirement in ARS can be in single pieces also and here WMS plays a very important role in ensuring the order fulfillment. Warehouse Management System (WMS) A good WMS enables a complete visibility of inventory in the warehouse and contributes in the warehouse operations by substantially improving the productivity, order fulfillment and accuracy. WMS enables cross docking facility to bypass traditional receiving, put away, replenishment and pick cycles by moving received goods directly from the inbound dock to fulfill outstanding demand, all while reducing staffing, equipment needs, space requirements, and inventory carrying costs. Wave planning is performed to Group of orders into waves of one or more orders that are planned and released together to pick more efficiently and meet stores requirement. WMS is also helping in slotting to maximise productivity and minimise travel time from location to location by determining the most advantageous arrangement of SKUs within a range of pick faces or slots. It minimises disruptions that result from demand variability by enabling adjustment of product placement according to seasonality, specia l promotions, and changes in customer order patterns. This results in complete visibility of inventory and the warehouse processing in system, and leads to improved order fulfillment and accuracy especially the order line fill rate at SKU level a parameter very crucial in fashion retail success -ensuring prompt replenishment of every single item in stores. Reverse Logistics Reverse flow of merchandise is an integral part of any retail business and its efficient management can augment the bottomline considerably. The reverse logistics services are required to manage the reverse flow of merchandise from the stores and refurbish, repair, refinish and re-sell these products through the factory outlets or other liquidation channels. Importance of an E2E Holistic Approach One of the most important considerations for the success of supply chain strategy is that any supply chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Hence, unless all parts of the extended supply chains extending from the raw material suppliers to the consumers work equally well and in synchronisation and harmony, the end result would be sub optimal. Some of the critical factors for the success of the chain are : Holistic approach Holistic extended supply chain approach Selection of the right supply chain solution provider  · Use of the right technologies  · Creation of the right infrastructure, specially the warehouse  · Measurement systems and the continual improvement of MTM, TTM and CTM  Execution The Final Frontier Strategy alone cant delivery the result, execution is equally critical and can be managed by own or through third party logistics (3PL) company. One of the options for fashion/retail brands is to create all the above parameters on its own. The other option is to outsource it to a third party supply chain solution provider who has the requisite competencies. Unfortunately, the supply chain solutions providers in India are very few and most of the logistic providers in India are mainly transporters and do lack most of the above critical success factors. However, with the growth of organised retail in the country, the organised logistic segment is also poised to grow. With the advent of GST (most likely in a few months) brands can further rationalise their network and by reducing stocking points, reduce the inventory as well as reduce the total cost of distribution. Reduction in stocking points also enables implementation of pull base system such as Automated Replenishment System ( ARS) thus leading to much higher fill rate and hence higher sales. However, supply chain network modeling and design is a science which requires not only modeling software application but also an in-depth knowledge of the business. Some of the supply chain companies also possess network modeling design capabilities and can add tremendous value, both in terms of higher top line as well as healthier bottom line because of their expertise in providing innovative solutions which include supply chain network modeling, state-ofthe-art technology, skilled and trained manpower, investment in the state-ofthe-art infrastructure and innovative transportation. Further, investment in infrastructure by the supply chain service providers will also help keep the balance sheet of the fashion players lighter, leading to higher returns on capital. Certain supply chain solutions companies have built core competency in the fashion domain for several years and have developed knowledge and infrastructu re and possess all the above critical factors. Such companies can be used by the fashion retailer/brands and the supply chain network design as well as execution infrastructure, warehousing, replenishment and movement activities and also reverse logistics can be completely outsourced to such companies. Anshuman Singh is the Managing Director CEO of Future Supply Chain Solutions Limited Indias largest Consumer Supply Chain Company. In a career spanning over seventeen years, he has successfully created and led organizations in the field of Retail as well as Supply Chain and Logistics.

The Most Famous Series Of Witch Trials - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 780 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? The Salem Witch trials were a series of immoral injustices among a small village known as Salem. In the trials, a few young girls convinced the entire population of the village that witches lived among them and, in turn, doomed dozens into a position of death or imprisonment with no evidence of their claims. They achieved this through a process known as spectral evidence in which they appeared to be possessed in the courtroom while the trial was taking place. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Most Famous Series Of Witch Trials" essay for you Create order This appeared to be clear evidence to the citizens that the defendant on trial was in fact guilty and thus would be convicted of their crime despite having little to no other evidence to base their claim on. This strange story prompted many historians to research the true intentions behind the young girls and what made them commit these unjust accusations. While many theories have been constructed around the Salem Witch Trials, the one that seems to be supported with the most evidence is that the townspeople, including the young girls, were being affected by some illness that caused them to think unclearly and led to the mass hysteria. Two possible candidates for this illness that changed the course of this small village forever include, as is stated in Kekla Magoonrs The Salem Witch Trials1, encephalitis lethargica( a disease causing headaches, double vision, delayed physical response, pains, tremors, and neck rigidity) and convulsive ergotism (a food poisoning that causes hallucination along with many other symptoms the girls were exhibiting). Convulsive ergotism is also supported by the fact that it occurs when molded rye bread is consumed. The villagers did in fact eat and make rye bread, creating a link between them and the possible illness. This illness would also explain why the girls seemed to shriek and twitch and show other strange symptoms.2.They were most likely under the influence of this hallucinogenic illness that the townspeople were not aware of and thus could not diagnose. This theory of illness would also explain the strange story regarding a woman named Tituba. Tituba was a Native American slave living in Salem. She often invited the young girls into her home and showed them her witchcraft. She played a large part in beginning the witch trials as she was accused and admitted to performing witchcraft. She also stated that many others in the village were working for Satan, and that outside the village many were performing acts for Satan and were infiltrating the church3. While this could be mad rambling from a slave that had nothing to lose, it is likely that she, along with the young girls she showed her magical abilities to, were being affected by ergot or encephalitis lethargica. This would explain why the girls believed she was performing magic and why Tituba herself had this idea of Satanic followers taking over the Puritan church. This, in turn, caused the village to go into a state of chaos, which was only worsened by the same illness that had a ffected Tituba and the girls. The mass hysteria portrayed by the Salem village residents is largely the reason why this story has been remembered so many years after its occurrence. Men and women of all ages were frightened by the insight Tituba provided and took any action possible to eliminate it from their settlement. This often resulted in imprisonment or even death. The Salem Witch Trialsdragged at least 162 peoplebefore the law, tried 52, condemned 30, and put 20 to death.4 This level of superstition and hysteria is unprecedented for such a small, seemingly peaceful village. The reason these people may have been so on edge is because of this mind altering illness. It is likely they were unable to think rationally as they were being affected by this, and thus were thrown into a state of chaos. After the trials ended, many villagers, including one of the accusers Ann Putnam Jr., admitted what they had done was wrong and they showed clear regret for their actions.5 This could be a product of them getting over this epidemic illness and being able to think clearly once again. The Salem Witch Trials are the most famous series of witch trials throughout all of history due to the level at which the villagers exhibited mass hysteria and superstition. However, this might not simply be a product of ignorance, but of an illness that swept through the entire village during this time period. This could be either encephalitis lethargica or convulsive ergotism or even a combination of the two. Regardless, these witch trials were likely being affected by a mind altering illness that led to one of the most horrific judicial trials throughout all of history.

Persuasive Speeches Writing

Persuasive Speeches Writing From childhood all of us use persuasion. When we grow older, the means and methods of persuasion are changing, while the general idea is the same: to bring people to your side, to let them accept your opinion or agree with action. In business persuasion is the foundation of success. The better you know and understand others, the easier you will reach the purpose set for your speech. You need to know the listeners, their world and situation around. When you get to know the audience, it will be easier to consider their viewpoint. You need to put you on their place and ask the questions: If you were them, what would you feel? What would you do? This is the key point for all persuasive speeches: when you focus on the basic interest of the person (audience) you are trying to persuade, you can succeed beyond your expectations. Use the following tips to make your persuasive speeches effective: First of all, set the mood to be positive. You are able to control the situation. Start from making people feel comfortable with you, create a caring atmosphere. Then, try to mirror the person (or group of people) you try to persuade. Mirror their speech and even posture – this is a psychological trick to let other people perceive you as equal and the same. Next, you must appeal to wants over needs. Traditional approach is to discover a need and to fill it. Still, the latest studies show that people prefer to buy wants before they buy needs. When a want is combined with need, your chances for effective persuasion are increasing. Now, when you know these small secrets, your effectiveness as a persuasive speaker will obviously increase. So, right now you can try to write your persuasive speech and check the results.

Washington And Permanent Representations Of The Real Players

All day and all night, they battled the emergency with each instrument available to them to keep the United States and world economies above water. Working with two U.S. presidents, and under flame from a crabby Congress and an open angered by conduct on Wall Street, the Fed—nearby associates in the Treasury Department—effectively settled a wavering monetary framework. With inventiveness and definitiveness, they kept a financial fall of incomprehensible scale and went ahead to create the strange projects that would resuscitate the U.S. economy and turn into the model for different nations. Rich with detail of the basic leadership prepare in Washington and permanent representations of the real players, The Courage to Act relates and clarifies the most exceedingly bad budgetary emergency and monetary droop in America since the Great Depression, giving an insider s record of the approach reaction (http://www.forbes.com/sites/richardsalsman/2012/03/06/five-financial-reforms -that-would-prevent-crises-and-promote-prosperity/#). The book is not without its confinements. The greater part of the educational substance was at that point open in some frame, for example, through the Fed s thorough minutes and transcripts. Keeping in mind the creator admits to a few errors around timing or discernment, he puts more vitality into safeguarding his key activities than he puts into impartially contemplating how eccentric money related arrangement may have worked better, what futureShow MoreRelatedNative American Culture Before Columbus2672 Words   |  11 Pagescities. 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Critiques of Faulkner’s Sound and Fury Essay - 870 Words

Critiques of Faulkner’s Sound and Fury After reading through a large chunk of criticism, it seems clear to me how David Minter, editor of our edition, hopes to direct the readers’ attentions. I was rather dumbstruck by the number of essays included in the criticism of this edition that felt compelled to discuss Faulkner and the writing of The Sound and the Fury seemingly more than to discuss the text itself. Upon going back over the essay, I realized that Minter’s own contribution, â€Å"Faulkner, Childhood, and the Making of The Sound and the Fury,† is a prime example of such â€Å"criticism of the text† that focuses on the author, his creation of the text as a process, and the author’s self-professed opinions of the text. I have a number of†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, Andre Bleikasten’s â€Å"The Quest for Eurydice† devotes a sizeable portion of its time to discussing these very issues I grew weary of. But once you get past this, I found Bleikastenâ€℠¢s essay rather interesting. Admittedly, the essay struck me mostly because it discusses a number of ideas and theoretical approaches I am currently entrenched in for another seminar that focuses on hauntings and phenomenality. On page 422, he says â€Å"these curious children, confronted with the mysteries of sex and death, are the fictive delegates of that supreme voyeur who is none other than the novelist. He too wants to see and know. Just as we, his readers, do.† In effect, Bleikasten creates a chain of voyeurism, for as the Compson sons look up and watch their sister in the tree, Faulkner watches the sons, and the reader watches along with Faulkner, so that we are watching the watched watcher. Then Bleikasten moves on to a discussion of Caddy, whom he calls â€Å"a blank counter, an empty signifier, a name in itself devoid of meaning and thus apt to receive any meaning† (423). In this manner, Faulkner designifies the signifier, which becomes nothing more than letters on a page. 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English Essay About Alcohol Age free essay sample

Should you be allowed to buy alcohol at the age of 18? Why does iceland decide to be different from other countries like Denmark when it comes to the discussion about what age you should be allowed legally to buy alcoholic products? As most of us know you only have to be 16 in denmark to buy liquid products that contains alcohol from 1,2% to 16,5%. Is iceland being overprotective of its people or does the goverment really think this is fair? Well in many countries like Iran and Philippines alcohol is illegal so if we think about that the alcohol age in Iceland doesn? seem so unfair, personally I think the age of 20 is fair as the alcohol purchasing age in iceland and I feel like the system here works okay. Surveys have shown that if we take an example again, in Denmark if they are thristy for a drink they don? t go some illegal way to get alcohol when they are teenagers because they are allowed to buy for them selves. We will write a custom essay sample on English Essay About Alcohol Age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But in iceland it is known that teenagers start drinking under the legal age so they have to go some illegal way if they feel like they have some need to get drunk. Would it be better to lower the purchasing age of alcohol in our country? Well surely it seems now after these words it would be better to change the law and have it as the same in Denmark. But the fact is that it is much larger group of young people in Denmark that drinks alcohol then in Iceland so statisticly the Icelandic way works better than in most other countries to keep teenage drinking to minimum. Teenage drinking has gone more popular recent years then it was, I think there isn? t one reason for this situation but many combined, like teenagers think they are older then they are and also I think it has a big part in this situation is television shows and older siblings. Television shows are very often about drinking and getting drunk, those shows are popular in teenage groups so no wonder they want to drink. Older sibling often drink and many older siblings are rolemodels to younger siblings so that is also a common reason. It is considered that rather changing the law here other nation should instead take Iceland for an example and consider it as an icon for their alcohol law if they are having problem in their countries because here it seems to workout fine, it doesn? t really matter what the law is,the law can? t stop teenage drinking it can only keep it to minimum.

Microsoft Message Analyzer Operating Guide -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Microsoft Message Analyzer Operating Guide? Answer: Introduction Wireshark is also called as Ethereal which is used to analyze the network traffic in different levels. It is a powerful tool to examine the internals of the network protocols. It has user friendly interface to display data from different protocols from all networks. The captured data packets also can be analyzed in offline [5]. The supported formats of captures or trace files are ERF and CAP. This integrated decryption tools is also used to view the encrypted packets of popular protocols such as WPA and WEP. It provides details about the individual packets such as its source, destination, type of protocol, transmission time and header data. These information are used to evaluate the security and troubleshooting of the network devices. It displays the informations in three panels. The first panel shows the frames with its key data. This frame is further explained in the middle panel. The bottom panel is used to display the raw frame. It also includes filters, color coding and other fe atures to analyze the packets. By using this Wireshark tool we can analyze the traffic flow of the network and troubleshoot the problems in the network. This open source software is freely available in its official website. The packets can be captured form the selected network by using this interface. The packet are captured in real time. It also has options to capture the packets from particular IP address. It uses color coding to highlight the different variety of packets. By default light purple color is used to denote the TCP traffic, light blue for UDP traffic, black color to identify the packets with error. Coloring rules are given to know the exact codes for the colors. It has filtering options to inspect about the particular packets. The filters can be given in the filtering box and click apply to get the results. These filters can be customized for the future use [6]. Throughput Throughput is the amount of data transferred in a network from one location to another with in a particular time period. It determines the performance of the network. The captured traffic of a network is analysed using Wireshark [2]. Throughput is based on the packet loss and latency of the network. It is measured in bits per seconds or data packets per second. It also denotes the quality of the network. The network devices communicates through the data packets. Here throughput is used to indicate the successful delivery of the data packets from one location to another. If the packet is dropped, it lowers the throughput and reduces the quality of the network. The throughput of the captured packets are shown below. It shows the throughput of the packets in bits/ second and Time duration is seconds. Round trip time Round trip time is also called as, round trip delay time. It is the time required for the packet to travel from source to destination. It is determined by the Internet Protocol and addressed by the ping address. It is measured in mille seconds. It measures the duration between the browser request and response received from the server. Ping command is used to measure the round trip time. This RTT will be higher due to network congestion and server throttling. This RTT is influenced by different factors like distance, transmission medium, Number of hops, response time of the server and level of traffic. The Round trip time of the captured packets is shown below. It shows the sequence number and elapsed time in seconds. The dots denotes the packets [7]. Load distribution Load distribution is used to distribute the workloads for the multiple computing resources. It is mainly used to optimize the use of resources, increase the throughput, reduces the response time and avoiding overload in a single resource. The below screenshot shows the Load distribution time of the captured network [3]. It shows the elapsed time of HTTP request by server, HTTP host and HTTP response by the server address. Warning and Errors The warnings and errors occurred during the packet capturing are analyzed and they are shown below. These warnings and errors also analyzed by the Wireshark Expert system. The amount of expert information is based on the protocols. The user interface of expert info contains the following details such as Packet number, Severity, Group, Protocol and summary of the error. The Error messages of TCP connection are analyzed and they are shown in the below screenshot. The warning message shows the details of protocol, group and the summary of the error and its count. The warnings in the TCP packet transmission is identified. It shows the warning message for the lost packet. Here only one segment is not captured in the packet transmission. TCP Retransmissions TCP retransmission indicates the troubles in data transmission. Most of the data transfer is based on TCP. When the data is received by the receiver, it will send acknowledgement for the received packets. If the packet is lost, it will be retransmitted by the sender. Wireshark detects the retransmission and finds those packets. The excessive amount of retransmission increase the file transmission time. TCP retransmission ensures the data reliability from source to destination. If the TCP connection detects the retransmission, it will logically assume that packet loss has been occurred in the network. But most of the analyzers indicates the duplicate acknowledgement and it can be detected when two packets have same acknowledgement number [8]. TCP retransmission in a captured network are analyzed and they are shown in the below screenshot. The retransmitted packets are indicated in black color. Comparison of Wireshark statistics Packets are captured from another network and it is analyzed in Wireshark. The below screenshot shows the packet capturing process from another network. Throughput The throughput of another network is given below. When comparing with the previous network, it has low throughput. Round Drip time The roundtrip time of another network is given below. Load Distribution The load distribution of another network is given below. Warning and Error The Error messages of TCP connection in another network are analyzed and they are shown in the below screenshot. The warning message shows the details of protocol, group and the summary of the error and its count [4]. When comparing with the previous network, it has high error messages. The warnings in the TCP packet transmission is identified. It shows the warning message for the lost packet. Here two segment is not captured in the packet transmission. TCP Retransmission TCP retransmission in a captured network are analyzed and they are compared with the previous network. Here more number of packets are retransmitted. When comparing with the previous network, this network has poor performance and it may be due to the traffic congestion and response of the network. Comparison of Wireshark with Microsoft Message The source code of wire shark can be downloaded from the official website. For downloading the wire shark at least 400 MHZ processor is required, promiscuous mode supported NIC, minimum 128 MBRAM is required. The space in the hard disk should be minimum 75 MB free. And Win Pcap is required. The archive file should be extracted as tar-jxvf downloaded file name version, where the extracting command is different from the Microsoft message analyzer. The new directory should be created and must be installed [9]. Based on the distribution, configure command can be used as /configure. Complete the final installation process with the use of install command, where the source is converted into binary format. The wire shark Graphical user interface (GUI) makes easy access to user friendly. The Microsoft message analyzer is different from wire shark. After going through the several process and analysis of microsoft message analyzer, the network is monitored. The Microsoft message analyzer default view is different while comparing with wire shark. The default message is shown in the top of Microsoft layer. The network display flat message only [10]. This flat message is not reassemble and no simulation. But wire shark is reassembling the various code and simulation. Visualization of traffic The wire shark consists of different section. These sections of user interface using some packets are captured. The packet is selecting from the packet list pane, if the packet is selected the information can be obtained from the packet details pane. The pane provides the information about the protocols. The protocols fields are selected from the packet. The wire shark user cans simply capturing packets from the start window [11]. The window capture option is shows all the available interfaces in the network. The interface active is shown with the sparks. So the capturing process can be started by just double clicking the active interface and the capture begins. The user start capture by going to capture menu before selecting the options from the capture drop down menu, which opens the capture menu and interfaces window. The window also displays the available interfaces and user can start her/his first capture by using the simply clicking the interface in which wants to perform the c apture. The wire shark take little time to captures some data. Now the user is ready she/he can click the stop button from the capture drop-down menu. These cases compare to other tools the scenario can make some changes to help [12]. Statistics generation The Microsoft message analyzer is provide the ability of future to testing and creates documentation and etc. but wire shark noise is does not hide. The micro soft message analyzer is defined one of the technical analyzer in Microsoft [13]. These consist of lots of tools available to vulnerabilities and penetrate the secure system and increase network attacks .the design of network analyzer tools is detect issues and troubleshoot of the network. But hackers use network analyzer such as wire shark to constantly check and investigate a network plan. At the same time succeed in a network attack. The HTTP is using to packets are delivered by Transport control protocol and from server port 80. The Transport control protocol is established packet range is 158 from the computer. The HTTP random source port 54155 to port 80 by sending SYN flag [14]. The packet 159 also the web server replies with SYN/ACK flag. Packet 160 is host replies server with TCP connection established and ACK flag. The packet 163 using to send GET request method of HTTP to web Server. This method is using to download the web page from the web server by using version 1.1 of HTTP. Similarly the host also sends the information to browser and languages accepted by information. Disadvantage of Microsoft message analyzer The analyzer network monitoring organization is not something new. It is large enterprise networks [15]. It is not limited budgets for using small to medium sized businesses. The network monitor involves various elements within the network. The analyzer Graphical user interference is not easy to access and user cannot access to friendly. The Microsoft analyzer is consists of lots of tools so the secure system is easy to network attack. The message is cannot going to reassemble and cannot simulation. The Microsoft noise is hiding in the top of the layer. The network analyzer detects issues and troubleshoot of the network Advantage of wire shark The main advantage of Wireshark is, it is available for UNIX and window using search for packets on many criteria. The packet information detailed in display and open save packet data captured. Using create various statistics. Using developed debug protocol implementation. People learn network protocol in much information [16]. Using export files for many other capture programs. These wire soft using without using license keys and fees. The code is freely available under the GPL .easy to design and built in source. The mainly capture using from many live capture different network media. The packet data form lot of other capture programs in import and export. References [1]B. Rogier, "Network performance : Links between latency throughput and packet loss | Performance Vision", Performance Vision, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.performancevision.com/blog/network-performance-links-between-latency-throughput-and-packet-loss/. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [2]"What is Network Throughput? - Datapath.io", Datapath.io, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://datapath.io/resources/blog/what-is-network-throughput/. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [3]C. Greer, "Packet Loss, Retransmissions, and Duplicate Acknowledgements", Blog.performancevision.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://blog.performancevision.com/tcp-series-3-packet-loss-retransmissions-and-duplicate-acknowledgements. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [4]"7.4.?Expert Information", Wireshark.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChAdvExpert.html. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [5]"What is Wireshark? - Definition from WhatIs.com", WhatIs.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Wireshark. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [6]"How to Use Wireshark to Capture, Filter and Inspect Packets", Howtogeek.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.howtogeek.com/104278/how-to-use-wireshark-to-capture-filter-and-inspect-packets/. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [7]"Round Trip Time (RTT)", Incapsula.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.incapsula.com/cdn-guide/glossary/round-trip-time-rtt.html. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [8]"Using Microsoft Message Analyzer for Network Troubleshooting", Network Computing, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.networkcomputing.com/networking/using-microsoft-message-analyzer-network-troubleshooting/1817163113. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [9]"Wireshark Go Deep.", Wireshark.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.wireshark.org. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [10]"Wireshark", SourceForge, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://sourceforge.net/projects/wireshark/. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [11]"Microsoft Message Analyzer Operating Guide", Technet.microsoft.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj649776.aspx. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [12]"Download Microsoft Message Analyzer from Official Microsoft Download Center", Microsoft.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/download/details.aspx?id=44226. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [13]"Message Analyzer Tutorial", Technet.microsoft.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj714801.aspx. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [14]"Network Troubleshooting like a pro with Microsoft Message Analyzer", Techgenix.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://techgenix.com/microsoft-message-analyzer-troubleshooting/. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [15]"Network Troubleshooting like a pro with Microsoft Message Analyzer", Techgenix.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://techgenix.com/microsoft-message-analyzer-troubleshooting/. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018]. [16]"Microsoft Message Analyzer", softpedia.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.softpedia.com/get/Network-Tools/Protocol-Analyzers-Sniffers/Microsoft-Message-Analyzer.shtml. [Accessed: 02- Feb- 2018].